MEMORY
COBOL | PL/I | Assembler | C Language |
Description
Use the MEMORY command to view an area in memory. The Memory screen is displayed showing the specified area in dump format. Each Memory screen is written to the session log, unless suppressed by the SET LOG MEMORY OFF command.
You can also enter the MEMORY command as a line command.
Input
MEMORY Line Command Syntax
The following are the parameter descriptions for the MEMORY command:
statement-number
A program statement number.
line-number
A SEQNBR of a line in a C compile listing.
paragraph-name
A COBOL paragraph name in the current module.
label-name
The entry in the name field of an Assembler, C, or PL/I language statement.
program-name
The name of the module or subroutine to be tested.
module-name
The name of a module or CSECT. If the module exists in the current load module, enter the module-name followed by a single colon (:). If the module is not in the current load module, the module-name must be preceded by the load module name and double colons (::) and be followed by a single colon (:).
procedure-name
A PL/I procedure name in the current module.
function-name
A C language function name in the current module.
data
A COBOL data-name or data item.
An Assembler data-label or register (Rn).
A PL/I variable.
An IBM C variable-name.
address
A 24-, 31-, or 64-bit address.
To reference a 64-bit address, you must enter the SET MODE 64 command before entering the MEMORY command. When typing a 64-bit address, use an underscore character to separate the high-order fullword from the low-order fullword; for example, MEMORY 00000001_00000100. Code Debug allows you to enter a shortcut instead of all 17 characters of the address. Partial values are right-justified within the fullword and zero-filled to the left.
17 Characters | Shortcut |
|---|---|
00000001_00000100 | 1_100 |
00000001_00123456 | 1_123456 |
00000001_00000000 | 1_ |
offset
Identifies an area in storage relative to the beginning of the area. It must include a plus sign (+) followed by a valid hexadecimal number.
Usage Notes
ALL Languages |
- When specifying a storage location, an offset is indicated by a plus (+) sign followed by a valid hexadecimal number. A statement number or address is indicated without the plus sign.
- If you are requesting memory on a module name, you must use the qualification syntax. See to Command Qualification Rules for additional information.
If the referenced location does not contain a valid address, Code Debug TSO does not display memory and issues one of the following messages:
EITHER OFFSET OR STARTING ADDRESS IS INVALID
STORAGE IS PROTECTED - MAY BE 24-BIT ADDRESS TRY %
STORAGE IS PROTECTED - MAY BE 31-BIT ADDRESS TRY ?
STORAGE IS PROTECTED - 64-BIT ADDRESS IS IN PROTECTED STORAGE.- If a wide terminal (132 columns) is used, the Memory screen displays 32 bytes of data per line instead of the 16 bytes displayed on an 80-column terminal.
- The Memory screen is scrollable. UP MAX or TOP displays memory from the start of the module, and DOWN MAX or BOTTOM displays memory to the end of the module. You can scroll further up from the **** TOP OF DATA **** or down from the **** BOTTOM OF DATA ****.
- The Memory screen shows the base address of the program on the left side of the column template and displays the line command area in offsets rather than in statement numbers. You can change the format of the line command area by entering LINE 24 (24-bit mode addresses), LINE 31 (31-bit mode addresses), or the default value LINE OFFSET.
- Line commands supported in the Memory screen are X (Exclude), T (Template), F (First), L (Last), and D (Delete). These commands are listed alphabetically in this space, with X appearing with the EXCLUDE command. The Fn and Ln line commands are not supported.
The Memory screen contains both hexadecimal and character format. You can type over any unprotected hexadecimal and character values to change their values.
- Use the END, LOCATE *, or SOURCE command to return to the source display screen, or the GO command to resume execution.
Assembler |
- MEMORY Rn displays the register content, whereas MEMORY Rn? (31-bit mode), Rn% (24-bit mode), or Rn! (64-bit mode) displays memory starting from the address contained in register n. The register contents reflect the value of the register at the time of the most recent breakpoint. You must enter the SET MODE 64 command before entering the MEMORY Rn! command.
- If the label is part of a DSECT for which addressability has not been established, Code Debug TSO does not display memory and issues a message:
NO ADDRESSABILITY FOR DSECT - Code Debug TSO displays breakpoints as X'00' on the Memory screen in Assembler programs. A VERIFY command entered on the statement displays the code before the breakpoint was set.
- The LINE STATEMENT command is not applicable in the Memory Display screen. Code Debug TSO displays the base address on the left side of the column template if the line command area is formatted with offsets.
Examples
ALL Languages |
When you enter the MEMORY command on the primary command line, the contents of the storage area located at the start of the program are displayed, as shown in the following figure.
The fifth line on the Memory screen contains a column template that starts with zero and continues to E, skipping every other digit and replacing the digit with a dash (-). The first data line contains the address being pointed to.
Result of Entering the MEMORY Command----------------------------- CODE DEBUG TSO - MEMORY --------------------------
COMMAND ===> SCROLL ===> PAGE
PROGRAM: TRIMAIN MODULE: TRIMAIN COMP DATE: 09/08/1994 COMP TIME: 14:38:07
------------------------------------------------------ Before TRIMAIN/AMODE 24 --
BASE = 00106F68 0 - 2 - 4 - 6 - 8 - A - C - E - = 0-2-4-6-8-A-C-E-
*******************************************************************************
000000 ===> 90ECD00C 185D05F0 4580F010 E3D9C9D4 = ..}..).0..0.TRIM
000010 ===> C1C9D540 E5E2D9F1 0700989F F02407FF = AIN VSR1....0...
000020 ===> 96021034 07FE41F0 000107FE 00095E94 = .......0......|.
000030 ===> 00084718 00084718 00084BC0 00084958 = ...........{....
000040 ===> 00084C44 00084E9A 00000000 00000000 = ................
000050 ===> 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 = ................
000060 ===> 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 = ................
000070 ===> 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 = ................
000080 ===> 00000000 00000000 40F84BF5 F54BF3F3 = ........14.38.07
000090 ===> E2C5D740 40F86B40 F1F9F9F3 00000000 = SEP 8, 1994....
0000A0 ===> C5D8E4C9 D3C1E3C5 D9C1D340 E3D9C9C1 = EQUILATERAL TRIA
0000B0 ===> D5C7D3C5 E2000000 00C9E2D6 E2C3C5D3 = NGLES....ISOSCEL
0000C0 ===> C5E240E3 D9C9C1D5 C7D3C5E2 40400000 = ES TRIANGLES....
0000D0 ===> 0000E2C3 C1D3C5D5 C540E3D9 C9C1D5C7 = ..SCALENE TRIANG
0000E0 ===> D3C5E240 40404000 000000C9 D5E5C1D3 = LES ....INVAL
0000F0 ===> C9C440E3 D9C9C1D5 C7D3C5E2 40404040 = ID TRIANGLES....
000100 ===> 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 = ................
000110 ===> 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 = ................In PL/I, pointer (->) qualification can be used for data items, if needed. For example,
MEM ZPTR_2 -> Y_REC
displays a screen similar to the following figure.
Memory Screen Showing Pointer Qualification----------------------------- CODE DEBUG TSO - MEMORY --------------------------
COMMAND ===> SCROLL ===> PAGE
PROGRAM: CMAIPLI1 MODULE: CMAIPLI COMP DATE: 01/09/1995 COMP TIME: 19:03:45
------------------------------------------------- Before CMAIPLI1:65/AMODE 24 --
BASE = 0016F43C 0 - 2 - 4 - 6 - 8 - A - C - E - = 0-2-4-6-8-A-C-E-
******************************** TOP OF DATA ***********************************
000000 ===> 40404040 40404040 0007E3C5 = ..TE
***************************** BOTTOM OF DATA ***********************************